cvcrand

Constrained randomization by Raab and Butcher (2001) doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20010215)20:3<351::AID-SIM797>3.0.CO;2-C20:3%3C351::AID-SIM797%3E3.0.CO;2-C) is suitable for cluster randomized trials (CRTs) with a small number of clusters (e.g., 20 or fewer). The procedure of constrained randomization is based on the baseline values of some cluster-level covariates specified. The intervention effect on the individual outcome can then be analyzed through clustered permutation test introduced by Gail, et al. (1996) doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960615)15:11<1069::AID-SIM220>3.0.CO;2-Q1097-0258(19960615)15:11%3C1069::AID-SIM220%3E3.0.CO;2-Q). Motivated from Li, et al. (2016) doi:10.1002/sim.7410, the package performs constrained randomization on the baseline values of cluster-level covariates and clustered permutation test on the individual-level outcomes for cluster randomized trials.

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