gps

General P-splines are non-uniform B-splines penalized by a general difference penalty, proposed by Li and Cao (2022) . Constructible on arbitrary knots, they extend the standard P-splines of Eilers and Marx (1996) . They are also related to the O-splines of O'Sullivan (1986) via a sandwich formula that links a general difference penalty to a derivative penalty. The package includes routines for setting up and handling difference and derivative penalties. It also fits P-splines and O-splines to (x, y) data (optionally weighted) for a grid of smoothing parameter values in the automatic search intervals of Li and Cao (2023) . It aims to facilitate other packages to implement P-splines or O-splines as a smoothing tool in their model estimation framework.

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