ndi

Computes various metrics of socio-economic deprivation and disparity in the United States. Some metrics are considered "spatial" because they consider the values of neighboring (i.e., adjacent) census geographies in their computation, while other metrics are "aspatial" because they only consider the value within each census geography. Two types of aspatial neighborhood deprivation indices (NDI) are available: including: (1) based on Messer et al. (2006) doi:10.1007/s11524-006-9094-x and (2) based on Andrews et al. (2020) doi:10.1080/17445647.2020.1750066 and Slotman et al. (2022) doi:10.1016/j.dib.2022.108002 who use variables chosen by Roux and Mair (2010) doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x. Both are a decomposition of multiple demographic characteristics from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates (ACS-5; 2006-2010 onward). Using data from the ACS-5 (2005-2009 onward), the package can also (1) compute the spatial Racial Isolation Index (RI) based on Anthopolos et al. (2011) doi:10.1016/j.sste.2011.06.002, (2) compute the spatial Educational Isolation Index (EI) based on Bravo et al. (2021) doi:10.3390/ijerph18179384, (3) compute the aspatial Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) based on Feldman et al. (2015) doi:10.1136/jech-2015-205728 and Krieger et al. (2016) doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302955, (4) compute the aspatial racial/ethnic Dissimilarity Index based on Duncan & Duncan (1955) doi:10.2307/2088328, (5) compute the aspatial income or racial/ethnic Atkinson Index based on Atkinson (1970) doi:10.1016/0022-0531(70)90039-6, (6) aspatial racial/ethnic Isolation Index (II) based on Shevky & Williams (1949; ISBN-13:978-0-837-15637-8) and Bell (1954) doi:10.2307/2574118, (7) aspatial racial/ethnic Correlation Ratio based on Bell (1954) doi:10.2307/2574118 and White (1986) doi:10.2307/3644339, (8) aspatial racial/ethnic Location Quotient (LQ) based on Merton (1939) doi:10.2307/2084686 and Sudano et al. (2013) doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.09.015, and (9) aspatial racial/ethnic Local Exposure and Isolation metric based on Bemanian & Beyer (2017) doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0926. Also using data from the ACS-5 (2005-2009 onward), the package can retrieve the aspatial Gini Index based Gini (1921) doi:10.2307/2223319.

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